We developed the Provisional Checklist of Vascular Plants of Alaska by collating specimen records from the University of Alaska Museum Herbaria (ALA), University of Alaska Anchorage Herbarium (UAAH), Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria (CPNWH). The compiled specimen data provided a list of all names that have been applied in Alaska. Additional names for non-native plants and rare plants were incorporated from AKEPIC and the ACCS rare plants data portal, respectively. We then reconciled the initial list of names in the state to recently published reference works and peer-reviewed literature (listed below) to determine accepted names, misapplied names, and synonyms. In cases where the literature suggested that a taxon should not be considered to occur in Alaska and lacks a clear misapplication relationship to an accepted name, we removed the name from the list. Although order of priority for taxonomic sources varied by group, we generally gave priority to monographic work by taxonomic specialists and reference works. Citations are ordered alphabetically, rather than by priority, in the table below. Because further taxonomic research introduces new names and combinations and changes the known relationships between names, we anticipate conducting a semi-regular annual review of the Checklist to integrate new work. To view checklists of bryophytes, lichens, and lichenicolous fungi in addition to vascular plants, refer to the Checklist of Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, Lichens, and Lichenicolous Fungi of Alaska.
Please submit feedback, including technical corrections, on this website and the checklist, keys, and species descriptions provided here through the feedback form.
id | Citation |
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1 | Adams, R.P. 2018. Juniperus of Canada and the United States: Taxonomy, Key and Distribution. Lundellia 21:1-34. |
2 | Adhikari, B., and L.E. Wallace. 2014. Does the Platanthera dilatata (Orchidaceae) complex contain cryptic species or continuously variable populations? Plant Systematics and Evolution 300:1465-1476. |
3 | AKEPIC. 2020. Alaska Exotic Plant Information Clearinghouse Non-native Species List. Alaska Center for Conservation Science, University of Alaska Anchorage. Anchorage, Alaska. Available: https://accs.uaa.alaska.edu/invasive-species/non-native-plant-species-list/ |
4 | Al-Shehbaz, I.A., and G.A. Mulligan. 2013. New or noteworthy species of Draba (Brassicaceae) from Canada and Alaska. Harvard Papers in Botany 18:101-124. |
5 | Almeida, T.E., S. Hennequin, H. Schneider, A.R. Smith, J.A.N. Batista, A.J. Ramalho, K. Proite, and A. Salino. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94:688-700. |
6 | Bateman, R.M., K.E. James, Y.B. Luo, R.K. Lauri, T. Fulcher, P.J. Cribb, and M.W. Chase. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics and morphological reappraisal of the Platanthera clade (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) prompts expansion of the generic limits of Galearis and Platanthera. Annals of Botany 104:431-445. |
7 | Blaxland, K., H.E. Ballard, and T. Marcussen. 2018. Viola pluviae sp. nov. (Violaceae), a member of subsect. Stolonosae in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Nordic Journal of Botany 36:e01931. |
8 | Bräuchler, C., O. Ryding, and G. Heubl. 2008. The genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae), a synoptical update. Willdenowia 38:363-410. |
9 | Broich, S.L. 2007. New combinations in North American Lathyrus and Vicia (Fabaceae: Faboideae: Fabeae). Madroño 54:63-71. |
10 | Brunton, D.F., and A. Troia. 2018. Global review of recent taxonomic research into Isoetes (Isoetaceae), with implications for biogeography and conservation. Fern Gazette 20:309-333. |
11 | Chambers, K.L. 2007. Nomenclatural notes and lectotypes in the Allocarya section of Plagiobothrys |
12 | Chambers, K.L., and S.C. Meyers. 2011. Nomenclatural changes for some taxa in the Oregon Flora. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5:619-623. |
13 | Craven, L.A. 2011. Diplarche and Menziesia transferred to Rhododendron (Ericaceae). Blumea 56:33-35. |
14 | Dauphin, B., D.R. Farrar, A. Maccagni, and J.R. Grant. 2017. A worldwide molecular phylogeny provides new insight on cryptic diversity within the moonworts (Botrychium s.s., Ophioglossaceae). Systematic Botany 42:1-20. |
15 | Dillenberger, M.S., and J.W. Kadereit. 2014. Maximum polyphyly: Multiple origins and delimitation with plesiomorphic characters require a new circumscription of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae). Taxon 63:64-88. |
16 | Elven, R., D.F. Murray, V.Y. Razzhivin, and B.A. Jurtsev. 2011. Annotated Checklist of the Panarctic Flora Vascular Plants. Available: http://panarcticflora.org |
17 | Emadzade, K., C. Lehnebach, P. Lockhart, and E. Hörandl. 2010. A molecular phylogeny, morphology, and classification of genera of Ranunculeae (Ranunculaceae). Taxon 59:809-828. |
18 | Farrar, D.R., and A.V. Gilman. 2017. Relationships in the Botrychium campestre (Ophioglossaceae) complex. Brittonia 69:265-275. |
19 | FNA Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ volumes. New York and Oxford. Available: https://floranorthamerica.org |
20 | Fuentes-Bazan, S., G. Mansion, and T. Borsch. 2012. Towards a species level tree of the globally diverse genus Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62:359-374. |
21 | Fuentes-Bazan, S., P. Uotila, and T. Borsch. 2012b. A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). Willdenowia 42:5-24. |
22 | Fulkerson, J.R., M.L. Carlson, T.W. Nawrocki. 2020. Alaska Rare Plants Database. Alaska Center for Conservation Science, University of Alaska Anchorage. Anchorage, Alaska. Available: https://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/apps/rareplants/ |
23 | Gasper, A.L., V.A.O. Dittrich, A.R. Smith, and A. Salino. 2016. A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales: Polypodiopsida): New genera, resurrected names, and combinations. Phytotaxa 275:191-227. |
24 | German, D.A. 2005. Contribution to the taxonomy of Arabidopsis s.l. (Cruciferae): The status of Transberingia and two new combinations in Crucihimalaya. Turczaninowia 8:5-15. |
25 | German, D.A. 2014. New synonyms and combinations in Eurasian Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Phytotaxa 173:31-40. |
26 | Gilman, A.V., and W.L. Testo. 2015. Use of gemma characters to identify North American Huperzia (Lycopodiaceae). American Fern Journal 105:145-161. |
27 | Greuter, W., and E. von Raab-Straube. 2011. Euro+Med Notulae, 5. Willdenowia 41:129-138. |
28 | Haines, A. 2003. The Families Huperziaceae and Lycopodiaceae of New England. A Taxonomic and Ecological Reference. V.F. Thomas Co. Southwest Harbor, Maine. |
29 | Hasenstab-Lehman, K.E., and M.G. Simpson. 2012. Cat's Eyes and Popcorn Flowers: Phylogenetic Systematics of the Genus Cryptantha s.l. (Boranginaceae). Systematic Botany 37:738-757. |
30 | Hauk, W.D., C.R. Parks, and M.W. Chase. 2003. Phylogenetic studies of Ophioglossaceae: evidence from rbcL and trnL-F plastid DNA sequences and morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28:131-151. |
31 | Ickert-Bond, S.M., D.F. Murray, M.G. Oliver, H.K. Berrios, and C.O. Webb. 2019. The Claytonia arctica complex in Alaska— Analyzing a Beringian taxonomic puzzle using taxonomic concepts. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 104:478-494. |
32 | Kartesz, J.T. Botanist, Biota of North America Program, North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Personal communication. |
33 | Kartesz, J.T., and K.N. Gandhi. 1993. Osmorhiza berteroi (Apiaceae): the correct name for mountain sweet-cicely. Brittonia 45:181-182. |
34 | Kurtto, A., and P. Uotila. 2019. New combinations in the vascular flora of Finland, in the genera Spinulum, Oxybasis and Potentilla. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 95:36-39. |
35 | Lane, A.K., M.M. Augustin, S. Ayyampalayam, A. Plant, S. Gleissberg, V.S. Di Stilio, C.W. Depamphilis, G.K. Wong, T.M. Kutchan, and J.H. Leebens-Mack. 2018. Phylogenomic analysis of Ranunculales resolves branching events across the order. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 187:157-166. |
36 | Little, D.P., A.E. Schwarzbach, R.P. Adams, and C.F. Hsieh. 2004. The circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of Callitropsis and the newly described genus Xanthocyparis (Cupressaceae). American Journal of Botany 91:1872-1881. |
37 | Lowry, D.B., J.M. Sobel, A.L. Angert, T.L. Ashman, R.L. Baker, B.K. Blackman, Y. Brandvain, K.J. Byers, A.M. Cooley, J.M. Coughlan, et al. 2019. The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers. Taxon 68:617-623. |
38 | Manns, U., and A.A. Anderberg. 2009. New combinations and names in Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) for species of Anagallis, Pelletiera, and Trientalis. Willdenowia 39:49-54. |
39 | Moore, A.J., and M.S. Dillenberger. 2017. A conspectus of the genus Cherleria (Minuartia s.l., Caryophyllaceae). Willdenowia 47:5-14. |
40 | Morin, N.R. 2020. Taxonomic changes in North American Campanuloideae (Campanulaceae). Phytoneuron 2020-49:1-46. |
41 | Mosyakin, S.L. 2013. New nomenclatural combinations in Blitum, Oxybasis, Chenopodiastrum, and Lipandra (Chenopodiaceae). Phytoneuron 2013-56:1-8. |
42 | Mosyakin, S.L. 2016. Nomenclatural notes on North American taxa of Anemonastrum and Pulsatilla (Ranunculaceae), with comments on the circumscription of Anemone and related genera. Phytoneuron 2016-79:1-12. |
43 | Murray, D.F. 2015. Notes on Eritrichium (Boraginaceae) in North America II. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 9:311-315. |
44 | Murray, D.F. 2017. Notes on Eritrichium (Boraginaceae) in North America III. Three new species of Eritrichium. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 11:19-23. |
45 | Murray, D.F., and R. Elven. 2015. Micranthes rufopilosa (Saxifragaceae) comb. nov.: an alpine species from Alaska and Yukon. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 9:7-10. |
46 | Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54:563-603. |
47 | Reznicek, A.A. 2017. Key to Alaska Cyperaceae. University of Michigan Herbarium. Unpublished key. |
48 | Rolfsmeier, S.J. 2013. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Lappula Moench (Boraginaceae) in North America. Ph.D. Dissertation. Kansas State University. Manhattan, Kansas. 188 pp. |
49 | Semple, J.C., Y. Ma, and L. Tong. 2016. On Solidago simplex (Asteraceae: Astereae): a multivariate study including S. glutinosa, S. leiocarpa, S. multiradiata, and S. spathulata. Phytoneuron 2016-87:1-21. |
50 | Sennikov, A.N. 2011. Chamerion or Chamaenerion (Onagraceae)? The old story in new words. Taxon 60:1485-1488. |
51 | Sharples, M.T., and E.A. Tripp. 2019. Phylogenetic Relationships Within and Delimitation of the Cosmopolitan Flowering Plant Genus Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae): Core Stars and Fallen Stars. Systematic Botany 44:857-876. |
52 | Sheviak, C. 2010. Cypripedium parviflorum in the Northwest, with the description of a new variety. The Native Orchid Conference Journal 7:1-15. |
53 | Smith, A.R., and R.B. Cranfill. 2002. Intrafamilial relationships of the Thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). American Fern Journal 92:131-149. |
54 | Soreng, R.J., P.M. Peterson, G. Davidse, E.J. Judziewicz, F.O. Zuloaga, T.S. Filgueiras, and O. Morrone. 2003. Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 48:1-730. |
55 | Stensvold, M.C., and D.R. Farrar. 2017. Genetic diversity in the worldwide Botrychium lunaria (Ophioglossaceae) complex, with new species and new combinations. Brittonia 69:148-175. |
56 | Stensvold, M.C., D.R. Farrar, and C. Johnson-Groh. 2002. Two new species of moonworts (Botrychium subg. Botrychium) from Alaska. American Fern Journal 92:150-160. |
57 | Sylvester, S.P., P.M. Peterson, K. Romaschenko, W.J. Bravo-Pedraza, L.E. Cuta-Alarcon, and R.J. Soreng. 2020. New combinations and updated descriptions in Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from the Neotropics and Mexico. PhytoKeys 148:21-50. |
58 | Testo, W., A. Haines, and A.V. Gilman. 2016. Huperzia continentalis (Lycopodiaceae), a new species of gemmiferous firmoss separated from Huperzia haleakalea. Systematic Botany 41:894-901. |
59 | Wagner, W.H., and J.R. Grant. 2002. Botrychium alaskense, a new moonwort from the interior of Alaska. American Fern Journal 92:164-170. |
60 | Waterway, M.J., et Global Carex Group. 2015. Making Carex monophyletic (Cyperaceae, tribe Cariceae): a new broader circumscription. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 179:1-42. |
61 | Wefferling, K.M., and S.B. Hoot. 2017. Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316:201-223. |
62 | Wiegleb, G., A.A. Bobrov, and J. Zalewska-Gałosz. 2017. A taxonomic account of Ranunculus section Batrachium (Ranunculaceae). Phytotaxa 319:1-55. |
63 | Zarrei, M., P. Wilkin, M.J. Ingrouille, and M.W. Chase. 2011. A revised infrageneric classification for Gagea Salisb. (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data. Phytotaxa 15:44-56. |
64 | Zika, P.F., and G.C. Tucker. 2017. Variation in Linnaea borealis across North America and Greenland. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 11:67-79. |